Water Damage Restoration Terms: A Glossary for Homeowners

Water damage is sorted into three categories. Category 1 is clean water from a broken pipe or sink overflow. Category 2 is gray water with some contamination, like from a washing machine or dishwasher. Category 3 is black water, which is highly contaminated and includes sewage or floodwater.

The category affects how the pros handle the cleanup and what safety steps you need to take. For any category, you should avoid contact with the water and turn off electricity if it is safe to do so. See a doctor if you feel unwell after exposure.

• Category 1: clean water, low risk
• Category 2: gray water, some contaminants
• Category 3: black water, sewage or flood
• Always treat flood water as category 3
• The category guides the drying process

Mitigation is the first step to stop further damage, like extracting water and covering a hole in the roof. Restoration is the full process of returning your home to its pre-loss condition, which may include repairs, repainting, and replacing damaged materials.

You will often hear both terms. The pros may handle mitigation first, then restoration. The cost depends on the extent of the damage, the materials involved, and the category of water. Policies vary, and your insurer decides what is covered.

When you file a claim, you will hear terms like "adjuster" and "scope of work." An adjuster is a person who assesses the damage for your insurance company. The scope of work is a detailed list of what needs to be repaired or replaced.

Document everything with photos and a list of damaged items. Keep receipts for any emergency purchases. Check your policy to understand what is covered and what your deductible is. Policies vary, and your insurer decides what is covered. If you have questions, ask a qualified attorney.